Where is the mitochondria located in a cell
Mitochondria structure and function | Cell Physiology medical animation
[Music]
mitochondria structure mitochondria are
intracellular organelles found in almost
all human cells mitochondria are thought
to be derived from the Arabic bacteria
that invade the proto eukaryotic cell
more than a billion years ago and lived
in a symbiotic relationship with it
exchanging energy in the form of
adenosine triphosphate for residents
however this endosymbiotic hypothesis is
not universally accepted and has been
challenged each human cell contains on
average hundreds to thousands of
mitochondria the exception is mature red
blood cells which rely exclusively on
anaerobic metabolism and contain no
mitochondria although mitochondria were
originally represented as individual
isolated organelles it is now recognized
that mitochondria form a dynamic
connected Network also called a
reticulum or syncytium mitochondria have
four main compartments the outer
membrane which is permeable to certain
ions and small molecules the inter
membrane space which has a composition
similar to that of cytosol the inner
membrane in which are found the
respiratory chain proteins the inner
membrane is folded into multiple cristae
allowing for a large surface area the
matrix or the inner part of the
mitochondrion where most of the
metabolic reactions take place the
mitochondrial DNA is found within DNA
protein complexes called nucleons in the
mitochondrial matrix function
mitochondria are intracellular
organelles that are essential for
aerobic metabolism and energy production
through oxidative phosphorylation which
is accomplished by the respiratory chain
however mitochondria are not only the
ATP producing powerhouses of the cell
mitochondria are involved in several
other metabolic pathways including beta
oxidation the Krebs cycle
and the synthesis of iron sulfur
clusters in addition mitochondria
maintain replicate and transcribe their
own DNA and translate mRNA into protein
the import and assembly of proteins is
another important mitochondrial function
since most proteins that the
mitochondria require are encoded by
nuclear DNA and translated in the
cytosol the ongoing remodelling of the
mitochondrial Network is also a function
of the mitochondria additional roles of
mitochondria and apoptosis production of
reactive oxygen species calcium
homeostasis maintenance of lipid
membrane and immunity have been
described
